all you need to know about 
CLONING                                                                                                                                                                                

ANIMAL CLONING

     
There are basically three type of cloning we are going to discuss: DNA cloning, reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning.
                                                     

DNA Cloning

DNA cloning is also known as recombinant DNA technology or gene cloning. Only the DNA of the cell is extracted and replicated. In this cloning technique, we use a self-replicating genetic element called plasmid as the main tools. Plasmid can be extracted from any bacterial cells and DNA is transferred and replicates using this element.

In other words, the interested DNA fragment is cut and joins back with a plasmid. Plasmid can reproduces itself to many copies with same DNA information. Plasmid we use in this technique is known as a vector. The multiple copies of DNA can be individually introduce into the host cell and keep for need.

Reproductive Cloning           

          

         Reproductive cloning is a technology used to generate an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another currently or previously existing animal. The famous clone, Dolly was created by reproductive cloning technology. The DNA information from the nucleus of the donor adult cell is transfers into a cell whose nucleus that has been remove. This process is called “somatic cell nucleus transfer”. Chemicals or electric current is used to stimulate the cell division. Once the cell starts dividing and grows into embryo stage, it is implanted into the uterus of the host where there it develops until birth. Generally it is the practice of creating or attempting to create a human being by transferring the nucleus from one donor cell into an egg cell from which the nucleus has been removed, implanting the resulting product in a uterus to initiate a pregnancy.

Therapeutic Cloning

  

            Therapeutic cloning is like reproductive cloning, except the embryonic cells are not allowed to develop fully.  It involves somatic cell nuclear transfer for the isolation of embryonic stem cells in vitro. It also known as stem cell therapy. The basic idea is to take the healthy cells from a person and create many copies that serve as the source of replace or repair damaged tissues and organs.     The main purpose is to harvest stem cells that can be used for study human development and treat disease or we call that medical treatment. Stem cells are important in this technique because they can be used to generate any type of specialized cell in the human body. The main goal is to produce genetically-matched tissues for therapeutic use.

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